晚清徽州農工中的性別與身份——以黟縣汪氏賬簿為核心的研究 Examining the Gender and Identity of Agricultural Workers in Late Qing Anhui: A Study Using the Wang Family Account Book from Yi County

晚清徽州農工中的性別與身份 —— 以黟縣汪氏賬簿為核心的研究

在本次量化歷史講座中，武漢大學經濟與管理學院彭凱翔教授講解以黟縣汪氏賬簿為核心研究晚清徽州農工中的性別與身份。彭教授以晚清黟縣四都汪氏文書中的工賬為核心材料，對傳統農村的農工僱佣進行了分析。他首先考証該賬為兼營農業與養殖業的經營地主汪佛金氏所記，並能與汪氏的苗豬賬、石灰發單、書信等一系列文書相匹配。其次，他基於賬簿中的工種記錄考察了當地農業生產的節律及相應的僱佣活動，並通過分類統計說明女性在各種農工的僱佣中都佔有相當高的比例，而且，男女僱工的工資並無明顯差別，凡此均大大突破了現有文獻的認識。同時，彭教授也會詳細闡釋租佃和親友等穩定的社會經濟關係對汪氏開展日常僱佣具有重要的意義，商業化和互惠關係在汪氏的經營裡是統一的。

Examining the Gender and Identity of Agricultural Workers in Late Qing Anhui: A Study Using the Wang Family Account Book from Yi County (Hybrid lecture in Mandarin) 

In this Quantitative History Lecture, Professor Kaixiang Peng from Wuhan University's School of Economics and Management presents his research on the gender and identity of agricultural workers in late Qing Anhui. Using the Wang family account book from Yi County (or Yixian), Professor Peng analyzes the employment of agricultural workers in traditional rural areas, focusing on the work account in the Wang family documents from the four towns of Yi County during the late Qing period.

To establish the authenticity of the account book, Professor Peng first confirmed that it was written by a landlord Wang Fojin, who engaged in both agriculture and animal husbandry. He then cross-referenced it with a series of other documents, such as the Wang family's account book on seedling pigs, lime invoices, and letters. Based on the records of work types in the account book, Professor Peng studied the rhythms of local agricultural production and corresponding employment activities. He demonstrates, through classification statistics, that women had a relatively high proportion of employment in various agricultural jobs, and that there was no significant difference in wages between male and female workers. These findings significantly surpass the existing understanding in the literature.

Additionally, Professor Peng elaborates in detail on the significance of stable social and economic relationships, such as tenancy and kinship, on the Wang family's daily employment. He explains how commercial and reciprocal relationships were unified in the Wang family's management.